Kürsteiner 管 (KC) 至少在 125 年前就被描述为甲状旁腺和胸腺发育的咽袋胚胎残留物。虽然被认为是甲状旁腺囊肿和唾液异位 (SH) 的前兆，但它们仍然是个谜。我们现在定义了 KC 残余物的综合表型，并研究了它们在一系列甲状旁腺病变中的作用。`从我们的机构档案 (2011-23) 中检索了 62 个囊性和 22 个非囊性甲状旁腺病变（73 名患者），并对其进行了评估甲状旁腺激素 (PTH) 阳性和 PTH 阴性囊肿中 KC 的存在和 KC 表型的患病率。 KC表型定义为：囊肿和肾小管周围有硬化；平淡的单层内衬，经常有核压痕的管腔；相对于主细胞的囊泡染色质；嗜酸性细胞质减弱至“超透明”；染色模式为 PTH 阴性、SOX-10 阳性、CK7 阳性、GATA-3 阳性和 PAX-9 暗淡，这是雌激素/孕激素受体 (ER/PR) 阳性的子集。在颈部/纵隔发现了 30 个 PTH 阴性囊肿；该组中有14人也表现出SH。 32 个 PTH 阳性囊肿包括：11 个囊性甲状旁腺腺瘤、17 个增生性甲状旁腺和 4 个癌。 KC 显示出两种不同的亚型，并且经常在 PTH 阴性囊肿附近发现。 PTH 阴性囊肿与下甲状旁腺、SOX-10 阳性、纤维硬化、囊泡核凹陷囊肿腔和超透明或减弱的嗜酸性细胞质有关。KC 在甲状旁腺中常见，并显示出独特的组织学和免疫组织化学特征，有较低的倾向鳃裂Ⅲ分布。诊断上，这种表型在 PTH 阴性囊肿和唾液异位中的高患病率支持从 KC 衍生出无功能囊肿。相反，PTH 阳性囊肿与功能亢进腺体内的囊性变化更兼容。© 2024 作者。组织病理学由约翰·威利出版

Kürsteiner canals (KC) were described at least 125 years ago as pharyngeal pouch embryological remnants of parathyroid and thymic development. While considered precursors for a subset of parathyroid cysts and salivary heterotopias (SH), they remain enigmatic. We now define a comprehensive phenotype of KC remnants and investigate their role in a spectrum of parathyroid lesions.`Sixty-two cystic and 22 non-cystic parathyroid lesions (73 patients) were retrieved from our institutional archive (2011-23) and evaluated for the presence of KC and prevalence of KC phenotype in parathyroid hormone (PTH)-positive and PTH-negative cysts. KC phenotype was defined as: cysts and tubules with surrounding sclerosis; bland, unilayered lining with frequent nuclear indentation of lumina; vesicular chromatin relative to chief cells; attenuated eosinophilic to 'hyper-cleared' cytoplasm; and staining pattern PTH-negative, SOX-10-positive, CK7-positive, GATA-3-positive and PAX-9 dim, a subset with oestrogen/progesterone receptor (ER/PR) positivity. Thirty PTH-negative cysts were identified in the neck/mediastinum; 14 of this group also showed SH. Thirty-two PTH-positive cysts included: 11 cystic parathyroid adenomas, 17 hyperplastic parathyroids, and four carcinomas. KC showed two distinct subtypes and were often found near PTH-negative cysts. PTH-negative cysts were associated with inferior parathyroids, SOX-10 positivity, fibrosclerosis, vesicular nuclei indenting cyst lumina and hyper-cleared or attenuated eosinophilic cytoplasm.KC are common in parathyroids and show a distinct histological and immunohistochemical profile, with an inferior predilection favouring branchial cleft III distribution. Diagnostically, the high prevalence of this phenotype in PTH-negative cysts and salivary heterotopia supports derivation of non-functioning cysts from KC. Conversely, PTH-positive cysts are more compatible with cystic change within hyperfunctioning glands.© 2024 The Author(s). Histopathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.