植物和动物的驯化导致了人类历史上最重要的文化和社会经济转型之一。动物的驯化，包括人类监督的繁殖，在很大程度上将特定动物物种与其由环境和生态因素驱动的自然进化历史脱钩。驯养动物的主要动机过去是，现在仍然是生产食物和材料（例如肉、蛋、蜂蜜或奶制品、羊毛、皮革制品、珠宝和药品）以支持农业耕作或运输（例如马、牛） 、骆驼和美洲驼）并促进人类活动（狩猎、救援、治疗援助、守卫行为和保护或只是作为伴侣）。近年来，来自 40 多种家养动物的遗传信息已被解码。这些研究已经确定了与特定生理和行为特征相关的基因和突变，这些特征促成了动物驯化的复杂遗传背景。这些经过育种改变的基因组提供了对不同生理区域调节的见解，包括有关例如生物之间联系的信息。内分泌学和行为，具有重要的病理生理学意义（例如肥胖和癌症），将驯化的兴趣扩展到了该领域之外。在驯化和育种过程中经历选择的几个基因编码特定的 G 蛋白偶联受体，这是一类跨膜受体，参与调节许多总体功能，如繁殖、发育、身体稳态、新陈代谢、应激反应、认知、学习和记忆。在这里，我们总结了有关 G 蛋白偶联受体及其配体变异以及这些变异如何促进动物驯化的现有文献。© 2024 作者。约翰·威利出版的《动物遗传学》

The domestication of plants and animals has resulted in one of the most significant cultural and socio-economical transitions in human history. Domestication of animals, including human-supervised reproduction, largely uncoupled particular animal species from their natural, evolutionary history driven by environmental and ecological factors. The primary motivations for domesticating animals were, and still are, producing food and materials (e.g. meat, eggs, honey or milk products, wool, leather products, jewelry and medication products) to support plowing in agriculture or in transportation (e.g. horse, cattle, camel and llama) and to facilitate human activities (for hunting, rescuing, therapeutic aid, guarding behavior and protecting or just as a companion). In recent years, decoded genetic information from more than 40 domesticated animal species have become available; these studies have identified genes and mutations associated with specific physiological and behavioral traits contributing to the complex genetic background of animal domestication. These breeding-altered genomes provide insights into the regulation of different physiological areas, including information on links between e.g. endocrinology and behavior, with important pathophysiological implications (e.g. for obesity and cancer), extending the interest in domestication well beyond the field. Several genes that have undergone selection during domestication and breeding encode specific G protein-coupled receptors, a class of membrane-spanning receptors involved in the regulation of a number of overarching functions such as reproduction, development, body homeostasis, metabolism, stress responses, cognition, learning and memory. Here we summarize the available literature on variations in G protein-coupled receptors and their ligands and how these have contributed to animal domestication.© 2024 The Author(s). Animal Genetics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Stichting International Foundation for Animal Genetics.