颞下颌关节构成下颌骨和颅底之间的滑膜连接，在下颌运动、咀嚼、语言和情感表达等功能中发挥着关键作用。约30%的人口患有颞下颌关节功能障碍，其中青壮年女性的患病率较高。有趣的是，大多数受影响的人没有报告疼痛，只有 5%-10% 的有症状病例需要治疗干预。最常见的颞下颌关节疾病表现为咀嚼肌疼痛，被称为肌筋膜综合征。然而，关节疾病也很常见，通常是由于椎间盘移位和退行性或炎症性关节病所致。不太常见的是，颞下颌关节可能会受到一系列先天性和后天性疾病的影响，例如创伤和肿瘤。对于一小部分对保守治疗没有反应或诊断存在不确定性的患者来说，影像学检查就变得非常必要。全面了解颞下颌关节的正常成像外观以及各种潜在的病理状况对于进行准确的放射学评估至关重要。此外，多学科团队之间的合作以及影像学结果与关节镜观察的相关性对于推进颞下颌关节功能障碍的诊断和治疗至关重要。 ©RSNA，2024 本文提供了补充材料。

The temporomandibular joint constitutes a synovial connection between the mandible and the skull base and plays a pivotal role in functions such as jaw movement, chewing, and verbal and emotional expression. Temporomandibular joint dysfunction is observed in about 30% of the population, with a higher prevalence in young to middle-aged women. Interestingly, a majority of individuals affected do not report pain, and only 5%-10% of symptomatic cases necessitate therapeutic intervention. The most common temporomandibular joint disorder manifests as pain in the masticatory muscles and is referred to as myofascial syndrome. However, articular disorders are also very common, usually due to disk displacement and degenerative or inflammatory arthropathies. Less frequently, the temporomandibular joint may be affected by a range of congenital and acquired conditions such as trauma and neoplasms. Imaging becomes necessary for the small percentage of patients who do not respond to conservative management or when there is uncertainty in the diagnosis. A comprehensive understanding of the normal imaging appearance of the temporomandibular joint as well as the wide range of potential pathologic conditions is essential for conducting an accurate radiologic assessment. Moreover, collaboration among multidisciplinary teams and the correlation of imaging findings with arthroscopic observations are crucial to advancing the diagnosis and treatment of temporomandibular joint dysfunction. ©RSNA, 2024 Supplemental material is available for this article.