头皮炎症和脱发是患者经常到皮肤科就诊的令人痛苦的病症。虽然有些诊断可以通过临床做出，但其他诊断则需要活检，这会带来疼痛、感染、出血和疤痕的风险。本综述审查了有关无创体内成像技术的现有文献及其在评估头皮病理学方面的证据和实用性，重点是头发状况的诊断。使用系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目进行了系统的文献检索(PRISMA) 指南，无时间限制。使用术语（“成像”或“体内成像”或“非侵入性成像”或“非侵入性体内成像”、“成像”、“体内成像”）搜索 PubMed 和 Clarivate (Web of Science) 数据库。成像）和（“人类头皮疾病”或“头皮”或“脱发”或“脱发”）。同行评审的随机对照试验（RCT）、前瞻性研究、回顾性研究以及讨论体内成像的病例系列或报告。选择 2022 年之前发表的头皮。纳入并讨论了 42 项研究；模式包括激光设备 (n = 27)、超声（美国）(n = 13)、红外热成像 (n = 1)、皮肤电容成像 (SCI) ）和紫外光增强可视化（ULEV）（n = 1），最常用的激光设备是反射共焦显微镜（RCM）、多光子显微镜（MPM）和光学相干断层扫描（OCT）。高频超声 (HFUS) 和超声生物显微镜检查 (UBM)。在脱发、肿瘤和炎症性疾病中，头皮的高质量成像受到高度追捧。许多非侵入性成像技术都显示出前景，每种技术在特定的成像条件下都有各自的优点和缺点。最终，无创成像技术可用于优化患者管理并最大限度地减少与头皮活检相关的发病率。© 2024 作者。 《激光在外科和医学中的应用》由 Wiley periodicals LLC 出版。

Scalp inflammation and alopecia are distressing conditions for which patients regularly present to dermatology. Although some diagnoses can be made clinically, others require biopsy, which carries the risk of pain, infection, bleeding, and scarring. This review examines the existing literature regarding noninvasive in vivo imaging techniques and their evidence and utility in evaluating scalp pathology, with a focus on the diagnostics of hair conditions.A systematic literature search was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines without timeframe restrictions. The PubMed and Clarivate (Web of Science) databases were searched using the terms ("imaging" OR "in-vivo imaging" OR "non-invasive imaging" OR "non-invasive in vivo imaging" "imaging," "in-vivo imaging) AND ("human scalp disorders" OR "scalp" OR "hair loss" OR "alopecia"). Peer-reviewed randomized control trials (RCTs), prospective studies, retrospective studies, and case series or reports discussing in vivo imaging of the scalp published before 2022 were selected.Forty-two studies were included and discussed; modalities included laser devices (n = 27), ultrasound (US) (n = 13), infrared thermography (n = 1), skin capacitance imaging (SCI), and ultraviolet light-enhanced visualization (ULEV) (n = 1). The most common laser devices used were reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM), multiphoton microscopy (MPM), and optical coherence tomography (OCT). US techniques included high-frequency US (HFUS) and US biomicroscopy (UBM).Quality imaging of the scalp in the setting of alopecic, neoplastic, and inflammatory diseases is highly sought after. Many of these noninvasive imaging techniques show promise, each with individual advantages and disadvantages in imaging-specific conditions. Ultimately, noninvasive imaging techniques may be used to optimize patient management and minimize morbidity associated with scalp biopsies.© 2024 The Author(s). Lasers in Surgery and Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.