嵌合抗原受体 (CAR) T 细胞疗法已成为血液癌症的突破性治疗方法，但它面临着重大障碍，特别是在实体瘤疗效和相关不良反应方面。本综述对 CAR-T 疗法的进展和持续挑战进行了全面分析。我们强调纳米技术通过提高靶向精度、调节免疫抑制肿瘤微环境和克服物理障碍来增强 CAR-T 疗法的变革潜力。纳米技术有助于将 CAR 基因有效递送至 T 细胞，提高转染效率并可能降低治疗成本。此外，纳米技术提供了创新的解决方案来减轻细胞因子释放综合征（CRS）和免疫效应细胞相关神经毒性综合征（ICANS）。还讨论了实时监测 CAR-T 细胞活性和细胞因子释放的尖端纳米技术平台。通过整合这些进步，我们的目标是提供有价值的见解，并为下一代 CAR-T 细胞疗法克服当前局限性并增强治疗效果铺平道路。

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has emerged as a groundbreaking treatment for hematological cancers, yet it faces significant hurdles, particularly regarding its efficacy in solid tumors and concerning associated adverse effects. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the advancements and ongoing challenges in CAR-T therapy. We highlight the transformative potential of nanotechnology in enhancing CAR-T therapy by improving targeting precision, modulating the immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment, and overcoming physical barriers. Nanotechnology facilitates efficient CAR gene delivery into T cells, boosting transfection efficiency and potentially reducing therapy costs. Moreover, nanotechnology offers innovative solutions to mitigate cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). Cutting-edge nanotechnology platforms for real-time monitoring of CAR-T cell activity and cytokine release are also discussed. By integrating these advancements, we aim to provide valuable insights and pave the way for the next generation of CAR-T cell therapies to overcome current limitations and enhance therapeutic outcomes.