女性比男性寿命更长，但健康状况不佳的年数更长。更年期症状通常与不良健康结果无关。然而，越来越多的证据表明它们可以显着影响未来的健康和寿命。了解更年期症状的长期影响将使临床医生能够识别危险因素并进行干预以支持健康老龄化。本综述审查了调查更年期症状与未来健康结果之间关系的研究范围。我们搜索了纵向队列研究。不适用日期和地域限制。使用标准化方法筛选文章并提取数据。纳入的研究使用经历过更年期并在基线时被认为健康的样本检验了更年期症状对未来健康发展的作用，并在症状评估时明确报告了其更年期状态。我们确定了 53 项符合条件的研究，其数据来自 28 个纵向队列中超过 450,000 名女性。心血管疾病、精神疾病、糖尿病和骨密度降低与更年期症状呈正相关。乳腺癌与无症状的更年期有关。绝经后心理更年期症状和认知能力下降有所改善，社会经济背景较低的女性除外。这些发现表明，更年期症状是未来健康风险的重要指标。未来的工作应该调查未充分探索的更年期症状对未来健康的影响，例如睡眠问题和泌尿生殖问题，并评估治疗更年期症状是否可以改善未来的健康结果。如果未来的研究继续支持这些发现，则应更新临床指南以支持更年期护理的临床决策。版权所有 © 2024 作者。由 Elsevier B.V. 出版。保留所有权利。

Women live longer than men but spend more years in poor health. Menopausal symptoms are not generally associated with adverse health outcomes. However, increasingly, evidence suggests they can significantly impact future health and longevity. Understanding the long-term effects of menopausal symptoms will enable clinicians to identify risk factors and intervene with modifications to support healthy aging. This review examined the scope of research investigating the association between menopausal symptoms and future health outcomes. We searched for longitudinal cohort studies. Date and geographical restrictions were not applied. Articles were screened and data extracted using standardised methods. Included studies examined the role of menopausal symptoms on future health developments using a sample who had experienced menopause and were deemed healthy at baseline, with clear reporting of their menopausal status at symptom assessment. We identified 53 eligible studies with data from over 450,000 women enrolled in 28 longitudinal cohorts. Cardiovascular disease, psychiatric disorders, diabetes, and reduced bone mineral density were positively associated with menopausal symptoms. Breast cancer was associated with an asymptomatic menopause. Psychological menopausal symptoms and cognitive decline improved after menopause, except among women from low socioeconomic backgrounds. These findings demonstrate that menopausal symptoms are important indicators for future health risks. Future work should investigate the impact of underexplored menopausal symptoms on future health, such as sleeping problems and urogenital issues, and evaluate whether treating menopausal symptoms could lead to improvements in future health outcomes. Should future research continue to support these findings, clinical guidelines should be updated to support clinical decision-making in menopause care.Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.