先天免疫系统是人体的初始防御系统，通过模式识别受体 (PRR) 快速检测危险。其中，核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体家族含热蛋白结构域蛋白（NLRP）在识别病原体相关和损伤相关分子模式方面至关重要，从而触发免疫反应。 NLRP 是 NLR 家族中研究最广泛的子集，可形成调节炎症的炎症小体，这对于先天免疫激活至关重要。最近的研究强调了 NLRP 对包括癌症在内的各种人类疾病的重大影响。由于跨器官表达存在差异，NLRP 通过调节免疫反应、细胞命运和增殖来影响癌症进展。它们在癌症中的临床意义使它们成为有希望的治疗靶点。本综述全面概述了 NLRP 家族的结构、功能、激活机制及其在癌症进展中的潜在作用。此外，我们特别关注 NLRP 作为治疗靶点的概念及其与免疫检查点抑制剂结合的潜在价值。版权所有 © 2024 Elsevier B.V. 保留所有权利。

The innate immune system serves as the body's initial defense, swiftly detecting danger via pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Among these, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing proteins (NLRPs) are pivotal in recognizing pathogen-associated and damage-associated molecular patterns, thereby triggering immune responses. NLRPs, the most extensively studied subset within the NLR family, form inflammasomes that regulate inflammation, essential for innate immunity activation. Recent research highlights NLRPs' significant impact on various human diseases, including cancer. With differential expression across organs, NLRPs influence cancer progression by modulating immune reactions, cell fate, and proliferation. Their clinical significance in cancer makes them promising therapeutic targets. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the structure, function, activation mechanism of the NLRPs family and its potential role in cancer progression. In addition, we particularly focused on the concept of NLRP as a therapeutic target and its potential value in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors.Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.