先前的研究报告了关于流感疫苗接种与痴呆之间关系的相互矛盾的结果。这种关联是在一项基于全国登记的队列研究中进行调查的。利用全国登记，纳入了 2002 年至 2018 年丹麦年龄≥65 岁、以前未接种流感疫苗的无痴呆成年人。泊松回归有助于对曾经接种过疫苗与从未接种过疫苗的痴呆率、疫苗接种次数以及首次接种后 5 年内/之后的痴呆率进行混杂调整比较。敏感性分析包括年龄和性别分层。在首次接种疫苗后的前 5 年之内和之后，根据社会人口学因素和合并症进行调整后，随访期间的疫苗接种与痴呆症发病率略高相关（发病率比 [IRR] 1.04） ; 95% 置信区间 [CI] 1.03-1.05)。随着疫苗接种次数的增加，痴呆症的发病率有所下降。仅接种一次疫苗的人群中发生率最高（IRR 1.14；95% CI 1.12-1.17），而痴呆发生率仅在接种六次或更多疫苗的人群中降低（IRR 0.95；95% CI 0.93-0.97）。应用相同的模型来控制髋部骨折和癌症的结果，接种疫苗的人群中发生率分别较高，分别为 6% 和 7%。接种疫苗的人的死亡率也高出 10%。正如之前的一些研究报道的那样，我们的结果并不支持流感疫苗接种对普通人群痴呆风险的预防作用。然而，本研究中发现，接种疫苗的人痴呆率较高，可能是由于残留混杂因素所致，控制结果和死亡率较高表明了这一点。© 2024 作者。约翰·威利出版的《欧洲神经病学杂志》

Previous studies have reported conflicting results regarding the association between influenza vaccination and dementia. This association was investigated in a nationwide register-based cohort study.Using nationwide registries, dementia-free adults aged ≥65 years in Denmark from 2002 to 2018 without previous influenza vaccinations were included. Poisson regression facilitated confounder-adjusted comparisons of dementia rates for ever versus never vaccinated, number of vaccinations and within/after 5 years from first vaccination. Sensitivity analyses included stratification on age and sex.Vaccination during follow-up was associated with a slightly higher rate of dementia when adjusted for sociodemographic factors and comorbidities, both within and after the first 5 years from first vaccination (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03-1.05). The rate of dementia decreased with increasing number of vaccinations. The highest rate was amongst those with only one vaccination (IRR 1.14; 95% CI 1.12-1.17) and the rate of dementia was only decreased amongst those with six or more vaccinations (IRR 0.95; 95% CI 0.93-0.97). Applying the same models to control outcomes of hip fracture and cancer resulted in higher rates amongst vaccinated people of 6% and 7%, respectively. Vaccinated people also had a 10% higher mortality rate.Our results do not support the case for a preventive effect of influenza vaccination on the risk of dementia in the general population, as reported by some previous studies. However, the higher dementia rate amongst vaccinated people found in this study is probably due to residual confounding, indicated by a higher rate for control outcomes and mortality.© 2024 The Author(s). European Journal of Neurology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Academy of Neurology.