在城郊地区，使用工业废水进行灌溉是一种常见的做法。工业废水中含有镉、铬、铅、镍等元素，会降低食品质量，影响人体健康。生物炭已被证明可以通过降低其流动性和生物利用度来修复重金属污染的土壤。进行了盆栽实验，以评估不同水平的生物炭对低重金属浓度菠菜生长的效率，并最大限度地减少相关的健康问题。实验持续了两个月，处理方法：对照（自来水）、未经处理和处理的工业废水以及与生物炭（0.5％和1％）的组合均采用完全随机设计。研究结果表明，用 1% 生物炭处理工业废水可以提高植物高度、枝条重量、叶绿素含量（SPAD 值）、光合作用和蒸腾速率。生物炭由于其多孔结构、高pH值、较高的CEC和多种表面官能团，显着降低了土壤中的重金属迁移率。使用 US-EPA 提供的每种金属的方法计算累积危险指数 (HI)、危险商、癌症风险和总癌症风险 (TCR)。所有处理的 HI 值均为 < 1，但应用 1% 生物炭显着将成人和儿童的 HI 值分别降至 2.00E-01 和 2.88E-01。所有处理的TCR均为 < 1，而处理后的工业废水和生物炭（1%）对于成人和儿童分别显着降低至1.55E-02和1.91E-03。由此确定，工业废水灌溉会对蔬菜产生毒性，对人体健康产生负面影响。生物炭有效减轻了土壤和菠菜植物中的金属毒性，从而降低了健康/癌症风险。© 2024。作者获得 Springer Nature B.V. 的独家许可。

In peri-urban areas, use of industrial wastewater for irrigation is a common practice. Industrial wastewater contains cadmium, chromium, lead, nickel, and other elements that deteriorate food quality and affect human health. Biochar has been proven to remediate heavy metal contaminated soil by reducing their mobility and bioavailability. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of different levels of biochar on spinach growth with low heavy metal concentration and to minimize associated health issues. The experiment lasted two months and the treatments: Control (tap water), untreated and treated industrial wastewater and both in combination with biochar (0.5% and 1%) were applied in completely randomized design. Findings suggested that treated industrial wastewater with 1% biochar resulted in maximum plant height, shoot weight, chlorophyll contents (SPAD value), photosynthetic and transpiration rate. Biochar significantly reduced heavy metal mobility in soil due to its porous structure, high pH, higher CEC, and variety of surface functional groups. The cumulative hazard index (HI), hazard quotient, cancer risk, and total cancer risk (TCR) were calculated using method provided by US-EPA for each metal. All treatments had HI values of < 1, however applying 1% biochar significantly reduced the HI values to 2.00E-01 and 2.88E-01 in adults and children, respectively. TCR for all treatments was < 1, while treated industrial wastewater and biochar (1%) has significantly reduced to 1.55E-02 and 1.91E-03 for adults and children, respectively. Thus, it was determined that irrigation with industrial effluents caused toxicity in vegetables, which had a negative impact on human health. Biochar effectively mitigated metal toxicity in both soil and spinach plants that resulted in reduced health/cancer risk.© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.