内源性逆转录元件（ERE）占人类基因组的一半，在基因组动力学中发挥着关键作用。一些 ERE 保留了编码蛋白质的能力，尽管大多数 ERE 在进化过程中退化或充当新基因和调控元件的来源。尽管 ERE 抑制机制是为了维持基因组稳定性而开发的，但在包括血液恶性肿瘤在内的癌症中观察到广泛普遍的 ERE 激活。 ERE 挑战了非编码 DNA 被视为“垃圾”的看法，它被低估了，它对癌症驱动机制以及通过提供先天免疫配体和肿瘤抗原的抗肿瘤免疫做出了贡献。这篇综述强调了理解癌症中 ERE 共同选择事件的最新进展，并重点讨论了围绕其在形成恶性表型中的因果作用的争议。我们深入了解血液恶性肿瘤 ERE 研究快速发展的前景及其对这些癌症的临床影响。© 2024 作者。 《美国血液学杂志》由 Wiley periodicals LLC 出版。

Endogenous retroelements (EREs), which comprise half of the human genome, play a pivotal role in genome dynamics. Some EREs retained the ability to encode proteins, although most degenerated or served as a source for novel genes and regulatory elements during evolution. Despite ERE repression mechanisms developed to maintain genome stability, widespread pervasive ERE activation is observed in cancer including hematological malignancies. Challenging the perception of noncoding DNA as "junk," EREs are underestimated contributors to cancer driver mechanisms as well as antitumoral immunity by providing innate immune ligands and tumor antigens. This review highlights recent progress in understanding ERE co-option events in cancer and focuses on the controversial debate surrounding their causal role in shaping malignant phenotype. We provide insights into the rapidly evolving landscape of ERE research in hematological malignancies and their clinical implications in these cancers.© 2024 The Author(s). American Journal of Hematology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.