肾癌（RC）和膀胱癌（BC）是男性人群中常见的泌尿系统恶性肿瘤。预计在不久的将来发病率和死亡率将会上升。这两种疾病的药物毒性和耐药性的发展是实现成功治疗的主要障碍。色烯是由苯环与吡喃核稠合构成的杂环化合物。天然和合成的色烯基化合物已被证明是有前途的抗癌剂。此外，癌细胞对经典治疗的重新敏感性也已被证明。因此，本系统评价的目的是评估色烯基化合物治疗 RC 和 BC 的潜力。研究收集在六个不同的数据库中进行，以汇编迄今为止开发的临床前（体外和体内）和临床研究的现有信息。总体而言，多种色烯基化合物显示出有效的抗癌作用，影响多种生物学特征，例如体外细胞活力、增殖、迁移和侵袭的降低，以及诱导细胞周期停滞和细胞死亡。在基于色烯的治疗后，体内肿瘤体积和重量普遍减少。两项临床试验已取得适度结果，报告称 RC 患者出现部分缓解和两项客观缓解。因此，色烯家族可以被认为是一种有吸引力的化学支架，为 RC 和 BC 治疗提供了有前途的候选药物。版权所有 © 2024 作者。由爱思唯尔公司出版。保留所有权利。

Renal (RC) and bladder cancers (BC) are common urological malignancies prevalent in the male population. Incidence and mortality rates are expected to increase in the near future. Drug toxicity and development of drug resistance in both diseases are major obstacles to achieve successful treatments. Chromenes are heterocyclic compounds constituted by a benzene ring fused to a pyran nucleus. Natural and synthetic chromene-based compounds have proven to be promising anticancer agents. Additionally, re-sensitization of cancer cells to classical treatments has also been demonstrated. Thus, the aim of this systematic review is to assess the potential of chromene-based compounds in the treatment of RC and BC. Study collection was performed in six different databases, to compile existing information on preclinical (in vitro and in vivo) and clinical studies developed to date. Overall, multiple chromene-based compounds showed potent anticancer effects, affecting several biological features such as reduction in cell viability, proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro, and induction of cell cycle arrest and cell death. Tumor volume and weight were generally decreased in vivo upon chromene-based treatment. Modest results have been obtained in two clinical trials, with reports of a partial response and two objective responses in RC patients. Thus, the chromene family can be considered an attractive chemical scaffold, harboring promising drug candidates for RC and BC therapeutics.Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.