癫痫是发育性脑损伤患者中常见的神经系统疾病，特别是与皮质发育畸形和低级别胶质神经元肿瘤有关。在这些疾病中，越来越多的人发现神经元的遗传和分子改变可能引发神经元网络异常，从而导致更高的神经元兴奋性水平。然而，癫痫的机制不能仅仅依赖于评估神经元成分。越来越多的证据揭示了癫痫发生过程的高度复杂性，其中神经胶质细胞作为神经元活动的潜在调节剂出现。由于这些病变具有高度的耐药性，了解神经胶质细胞在皮质发育畸形和低级别胶质神经元肿瘤等发育性脑病变中的作用至关重要。这促使研究人员调查神经胶质细胞和免疫细胞在癫痫样活动中的作用，以寻找可用作组合药物疗法的新治疗靶点。在国际抗癫痫联盟神经生物学委员会组织的第十六届癫痫神经生物学研讨会（WONOEP，法国塔卢瓦尔，2022 年 7 月）的一次特别会议上，我们讨论了探索神经胶质细胞和免疫的遗传和分子机制的证据。反应及其对与早期癫痫相关的神经发育病理学发病机制的影响。© 2024 作者。 《癫痫》由 Wiley periodicals LLC 代表国际抗癫痫联盟出版。

Epilepsy represents a common neurological disorder in patients with developmental brain lesions, particularly in association with malformations of cortical development and low-grade glioneuronal tumors. In these diseases, genetic and molecular alterations in neurons are increasingly discovered that can trigger abnormalities in the neuronal network, leading to higher neuronal excitability levels. However, the mechanisms underlying epilepsy cannot rely solely on assessing the neuronal component. Growing evidence has revealed the high degree of complexity underlying epileptogenic processes, in which glial cells emerge as potential modulators of neuronal activity. Understanding the role of glial cells in developmental brain lesions such as malformations of cortical development and low-grade glioneuronal tumors is crucial due to the high degree of pharmacoresistance characteristic of these lesions. This has prompted research to investigate the role of glial and immune cells in epileptiform activity to find new therapeutic targets that could be used as combinatorial drug therapy. In a special session of the XVI Workshop of the Neurobiology of Epilepsy (WONOEP, Talloires, France, July 2022) organized by the Neurobiology Commission of the International League Against Epilepsy, we discussed the evidence exploring the genetic and molecular mechanisms of glial cells and immune response and their implications in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental pathologies associated with early life epilepsies.© 2024 The Author(s). Epilepsia published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International League Against Epilepsy.