罗非鱼养殖业正在全球范围内迅速扩张，特别是在孟加拉国。然而，水产养殖中的金属污染带来了重大的环境和人类健康风险。本研究旨在评估尼罗罗非鱼 (Oreochromis niloticus) 和地表水中 13 种潜在有毒金属（As、Be、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、V、Mn、Se 和 Zn）的浓度以及来自淡水和咸水养殖池塘的沉积物。该研究还评估了相关的环境和人类健康风险。 2021 年 10 月至 11 月期间收集了罗非鱼、水和沉积物样本，并使用电感耦合等离子体质谱 (ICP-MS) 进行分析。淡水和咸水中罗非鱼肌肉中砷、铬、铅、硒和锌的估计每日摄入量 (EDI) 以及咸水中镉和镍的估计每日摄入量 (EDI) 超过了推荐的 EDI 值。除咸水罗非鱼中的砷以及淡水和咸水罗非鱼中的铬外，大多数金属的目标危害商数 (THQ) 均小于 1，表明存在潜在的健康风险。淡水和咸水罗非鱼中砷的目标癌症风险 (TR) 值以及淡水罗非鱼中铬和镍的目标癌症风险 (TR) 值均超出了可接受的范围。虽然淡水和咸水罗非鱼养殖场地表水中的金属浓度各不相同，但所有平均浓度均低于世卫组织建议的限值。除淡水沉积物中的 Zn 和苦咸水沉积物中的 Se 外，两种类型的水产养殖池塘中所有金属的污染因子 (Cf) 值均小于 1。此外，计算得出的沉积物污染负荷指数（PLI）、地累积指数（Igeo）、生态风险因子（Er）和潜在生态风险因子（PER）等风险指数均低于风险阈值（PLI < 1，Igeo < 0、Er < 40、PER < 150）。罗非鱼肌肉与各池塘沉积物中砷 (As) (ρ= 0.8, p<0.002) 和 Cr (ρ= 0.7, p<0.02) 之间存在显着正相关。尽管淡水和咸水养殖池塘的水和沉积物中所研究的金属含量总体上在建议的指导方针范围内，但本研究强调需要持续监测和预防措施，特别是解决罗非鱼肌肉中砷和铬含量升高的问题，这可能会导致罗非鱼肌肉中砷和铬的含量升高。对人类健康构成潜在风险。© 2024。作者获得 Springer Nature B.V. 的独家许可。

Tilapia aquaculture is rapidly expanding worldwide, particularly in Bangladesh. However, metal pollution in aquaculture presents significant environmental and human health risks. This study aimed to evaluate the concentrations of 13 potentially toxic metals (As, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, V, Mn, Se, and Zn) in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), surface water, and sediment from freshwater and brackish water aquaculture ponds. The study also assessed the associated environmental and human health risks. Samples of tilapia, water, and sediment were collected between October and November 2021 and analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The estimated daily intake (EDI) of As, Cr, Pb, Se, and Zn in tilapia muscle of both freshwater and brackish water, as well as Cd and Ni in brackish water, exceeded recommended EDI values. The Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) was less than 1 for most metals, except for As in brackish water tilapia and Cr in both freshwater and brackish water tilapia, indicating potential health risks. The Target Cancer Risk (TR) values for As in both freshwater and brackish water tilapia, and for Cr and Ni in freshwater tilapia, exceeded acceptable ranges. While the concentrations of metals in surface water of both freshwater and brackish water tilapia farms varied, all mean concentrations were below WHO recommended limits. The contamination factor (Cf) values were less than 1 for all metals in both types of aquaculture ponds, except for Zn in freshwater sediment and Se in brackish water sediment. Additionally, the calculated risk indices including the Pollution Load Index (PLI), Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo), Ecological Risk Factor (Er), and Potential Ecological Risk Factor (PER) for sediment were below the risk thresholds values (PLI < 1, Igeo < 0, Er < 40, and PER < 150). The significant positive correlations were found between tilapia muscle and the sediment of the respective ponds for arsenic (As) (ρ= 0.8, p<0.002) and Cr (ρ= 0.7, p<0.02). Although the levels of studied metals in water and sediment from freshwater and brackish water aquaculture ponds were generally within recommended guidelines, this study underscores the need for continuous monitoring and preventative measures, particularly to address elevated levels of As and Cr in tilapia muscle, which may pose potential risks to human health.© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.