尽管最近的治疗取得了进展，但转移性原发性皮肤黑色素瘤仍然是一种经常致命的疾病。缺乏对患者预后进行分层的生物标志物。 MicroRNA (miRNA) 是小型非编码 RNA。我们的目的是确定 miR-211-5p 在原发性肿瘤和恶性黑色素瘤转移瘤中的表达及其作为预后生物标志物的潜在用途。我们对来自 76 名患者的 109 个 FFPE 黑色素瘤样本（包括 31 个配对的原发肿瘤/转移样本）进行了 miRNA-211-5p 原位杂交。为了进行验证，我们对 TCGA 皮肤黑色素瘤 (SKCM) 队列进行了计算机分析。与转移瘤 (39.3%) 相比，原发肿瘤 (70.8%) 中高 miR-211-5p 表达更为常见。在转移中，它与显着较差的总体生存率相关。 TCGA SKCM 队列的数据证实，黑色素瘤转移瘤（而非原发性肿瘤）中的高 miR-211-5p 表达与较差的总体生存率相关。转移灶中的 miR-211-5p 表达与较短的生存期相关，这强调了 miR-211-5p 作为转移性疾病临床结果较差的风险预测因子的潜力。原位杂交可以在常规实验室工作流程中实施，并且可以在诊断组织上进行。

Metastatic primary cutaneous melanoma is a frequently fatal disease despite recent therapeutic advances. Biomarkers to stratify patients' prognosis are lacking. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs. We aimed to determine the expression of miR-211-5p in primary tumors and metastases of malignant melanoma and its potential use as a prognostic biomarker. We performed in situ hybridization for miRNA-211-5p on 109 FFPE melanoma samples from 76 patients, including 31 paired primary tumor/metastasis samples. For validation, we performed in silico analyses of TCGA skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) cohort. High miR-211-5p expression was more frequent in primary tumors (70.8%) compared to metastases (39.3%). In metastases, it was associated with a significantly worse overall survival. Data from TCGA SKCM cohort confirmed that high miR-211-5p expression in melanoma metastases, but not primary tumors, is associated with worse overall survival. MiR-211-5p expression in metastases is associated with a shorter survival, emphasizing the potential of miR-211-5p as a risk predictor for a less favorable clinical outcome in metastatic disease. In situ hybridization could be implemented in a routine laboratory workflow and can be performed on diagnostic tissue.