现代治疗策略显着提高了癌症患者的生存机会。随着人口老龄化，癌症和慢性肾病（CKD）变得越来越常见。 CKD 会增加患癌症的风险；相反，癌症治疗可导致 CKD。这篇综述基于选择性文献检索检索到的出版物，内容涉及癌症和肾脏疾病的流行病学和合并症、新抗癌药物的肾脏副作用以及癌症治疗中考虑肾功能的必要性德国严重CKD的患病率为2.3%。患有 CKD、正在接受透析或接受过肾移植的人患癌症的可能性是普通人群的 1.2 至 3.5 倍。对于患有CKD或依赖透析的患者，大约67%的抗癌药物的剂量需要根据肾小球滤过率和药物的肾脏排泄分数进行调整。治疗药物以及用于诊断目的的药物的最佳功效以及副作用的最小化，关键取决于调整的剂量以及透析前后的正确给药时间。现代抗癌药物也会引起急性肾损伤（检查点抑制剂的发生率：2-16%）。患有 CKD、正在接受透析或接受过肾移植的患者在癌症治疗患者中占相当大的比例，他们需要跨学科治疗。

Modern treatment strategies have markedly improved the chances of survival for patients with cancer. As the population ages, cancer is becoming more common, as is chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD increases the risk of cancer; conversely, cancer treatments can cause CKD.This review is based on publications retrieved by a selective literature search concerning the epidemiology and comorbidities of cancer and kidney diseases, the renal side effects of new anticancer drugs, and the need to consider renal function in cancer treatment.The prevalence of severe CKD in Germany is 2.3%. Persons who have CKD, are on dialysis, or have undergone kidney transplantation are 1.2 to 3.5 times more likely to develop cancer than the general population. For patients who have CKD or are dialysis-dependent, the doses of approximately 67% of anticancer drugs need to be adjusted on the basis of their glomerular filtration rate and the renally excreted fraction of the drug. The optimal efficacy of therapeutic drugs, as well as of those used for diagnostic purposes, and the minimization of side effects, depend critically on adapted dosing and on proper timing of administration before or after dialysis. Modern anticancer drugs can also cause acute kidney damage (incidence with checkpoint inhibitors: 2-16%).Patients who have CKD, are on dialysis, or have undergone kidney transplantation make up a considerable fraction of persons being treated for cancer, and they need interdisciplinary treatment.