胆红素 (BR) 是源自血红素分解代谢途径的最有效的内源性抗氧化剂之一。尽管高浓度的 BR 被认为是一种危险的细胞毒性废物，但它具有非凡的抗氧化作用，可以减少氧化应激和炎症，而氧化应激和炎症在癌症的发生和进展中发挥着重要作用。本研究的目的是引入聚乙二醇化 BR 纳米颗粒 (NP) 本身或与其他抗癌药物的组合。 BR 已被证明在装载到各种纳米粒子中用于癌症治疗时是有效的。有趣的是，可以操纵 BRNP 来创建刺激响应载体，响应活性氧、谷胱甘肽、光、酶和酸性 pH 等内部或外部因素，提供持续、受控以及按需的药物释放。总的来说，这篇综述表明 BRNP 有潜力作为肿瘤微环境响应性递送系统，有效靶向各种癌症。版权所有 © 2024。由 Elsevier Inc. 出版。

Bilirubin (BR) is among the most potent endogenous antioxidants that originates from the heme catabolic pathway. Despite being considered as a dangerous and cytotoxic waste product at high concentrations, BR has extraordinary antioxidant effects leading to the reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation which play an important role in the development and progression of cancer. The purpose of this study is to introduce PEGylated BR nanoparticles (NPs), themselves or in combination with other anti-cancer agents. BR has been shown to be effective when loaded into various nanoparticles in cancer therapy. Interestingly, BRNPs can be manipulated to create stimuli-responsive carriers providing a sustained and controlled, as well as on-demand, release of drug in response to internal or external factors such as reactive oxygen species, glutathione, light, enzymes and acidic pH. Collectively, this review suggests that BRNPs have potential as tumor microenvironment-responsive delivery systems to effectively target various cancers.Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.